Catalog 2007-2008
Prospective Students
Lifelong Learning
Current Students
Alumnae
Faculty & Staff

Table of Contents

COURSES BY DEPARTMENT

ACCOUNTING COURSES
ACC 101 Financial Accounting        3 credits
An introduction and development of the overall accounting function from analysis of business transactions and their systematic recording to the interpretation of the resulting financial statements.  Students also develop decision-making skills based on a set of ethical accounting principles.

ACC 102 Managerial Accounting           3 credits
Building on fundamentals learned in Financial Accounting, students are introduced to several important analytical tools found in business. Topics include the time value of money, the concept of risk, budgeting, costing of products, capital budgeting, debt management, and working capital management.  Students will use computers extensively in order to become comfortable with these tools. Pre-requisite:  ACC 101.

ACC 203 Cost Accounting 3 credits
A study of the principles and practices of job and process cost systems, as well as variable and absorption costing. Emphasis is also placed on standard cost systems as they relate to the accounting system as a whole. Additional topics include an understanding of accounting information system design, variance analysis and flexible and static budgeting. Prerequisites:  ACC 102, MAT 105.

ACC 205 Accounting Information Systems 3 credits
Manual accounting systems are quickly disappearing, and in their place are computers and the complexity of automated databases. This course introduces students to a major computerized accounting package, and provides a framework for establishing and controlling financial information systems through the use of journals, ledgers, trial balances, and financial statements. Using simple flowcharting techniques, students will appreciate how transactions affect an organization, and recognize when management or ethical issues surface. All major business processes are considered including sales, purchases, asset management, inventory, and payroll. Prerequisite:  ACC 102.

ACC 208 Intermediate Accounting I    3 credits
A study of the accounting standards applicable to all corporate balance sheet accounts and their related counterparts. Included in this study is a complete analysis and review of cash and receivables, inventories and cost of goods sold, plant and depreciation, intangibles and amortization, current and long-term liabilities and stockholders equity. Each category reviewed includes conceptual considerations, technical accounting procedures, and the necessary and appropriate disclosure within the body of the financial statements and the related accounting schedules and footnotes. Prerequisites:  ACC 102, CIS 215, MAT 105, BUA 250.

ACC 209 Intermediate Accounting II   3 credits
A study of the application of generally accepted accounting principles to various technical reporting areas within financial statements. Emphasis is placed on technical standards and the necessary disclosure requirements for these reporting areas. Course topics include dilutive and anti-dilutive securities, executive compensation plans, basic and fully diluted earnings per share, corporate investments and accounting for income taxes, employee pensions plans, employee postretirement benefits, leases and accounting changes.  The course concludes with a comprehensive review of financial statement preparation, financial statement analysis and interpretation, full disclosure in financial reporting, and the appropriateness of accounting principles being applied in accounting practice today.  Prerequisites: ACC 208.

ACC 217 Corporate Taxation
3 credits
A study of tax accounting for corporations, partnerships and fiduciaries, including corporate organization, reorganization, distributions and liquidation. Topics include preparation of federal corporate, partnership, and fiduciary returns. Prerequisites: ACC 102, ACC 218.

ACC 218 Personal Income Tax Accounting 3 credits
A study of the preparation of federal income tax returns for individuals and small businesses based on current law, regulations and current decisions. Students are required to research applicable tax law, regulations, and current decisions, using various tax reference services and computer data-base access. Prerequisite ACC 102.

ACC 308 Advanced Financial Accounting 3 credits
A comprehensive analysis and review of the issues relating to various levels of inter-company corporate investments. Students study acquisitions, mergers and consolidations and the applicable financial reporting required for both domestic and international corporations. Additional topics include partnership formation and dissolution and accounting for governmental entities. Prerequisites: ACC 209.

ACC 312 Auditing 3 credits
An analysis and appraisal of current auditing principles and procedures involving staff organization, professional ethics and legal responsibility, internal control, audit programs and working papers and original record examination. Students are required to complete a comprehensive audit case study.  Prerequisites: ACC 209.

ANTHROPOLOGY COURSES
ANT 100 Cultural Anthropology           3 credits
A cross-cultural examination of contemporary cultures, especially traditional and developing examples, in a descriptive and comparative framework. Topics covered include the methods and ethics of fieldwork, marriage and kinship systems, production and reproduction, gender roles and relations, forms of conflict resolution and the varieties of religious beliefs and rituals. Generally, two case studies are used in addition to a text. These cases not only demonstrate the varieties of human arrangements, but also some of the reasons that underlie the diversity across groups.

ANT 210 Introduction to Archaeology
3 credits
Buried treasure, lost civilizations, Indiana Jones.  Archaeology is very exciting but perhaps in different ways than many people believe.  This course offers a fundamental introduction to the field of archaeology.  Explore the history, theory, and methods of the field of archaeology and the analysis used to reconstruct our human past.  Of particular focus is archaeology as a science and the impact of archaeological discourse and research in contemporary society.  Content will be addressed through lectures, discussions, multi-media presentations, and field experiences.

ANT 215 World Music 3 credits
A review of a broad sample of music from around the world and an investigation of how organized sound reflects and reinforces its cultural source. Some of the many topics include the varying contexts for functions of music, types of instruments and their symbolism, the training of music makers, the meaning of song texts and some of the reasons for musical change. Many regional styles are examined, for example, Native North America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, South and East Asia. Special attention is given to musical syncretism – the mutual influence of contemporary musical cultures on one another that has produced many new popular forms of music variously called World Beat or Global Pop. Background in music theory is not required.

ANT 219 Human Evolution and Prehistory
3 credits
A course in physical anthropology and archeology that covers the evolution of nonhuman and human primates over the past five million years. The chronological organization of the course includes the development of evolutionary theory in the 19th century, the fascinating story of how small, primitive hominids became upright and brainy tool users, and how eventually cultural evolution began to outstrip biological evolution in human development. Special attention is also given to the topic of gender, both in the context of prehistory, as well as in connection with the new findings about male and female roles and behavior that are emerging from primatology.

ANT 225 Tourism and Pilgrimage       3 credits
Tourism and pilgrimage are generally regarded as travel for two very different purposes: one for fun and relaxation, the other for spiritual edification through contact with the sacred. But, are they necessarily so far apart? Can a tourist ever be a pilgrim, a pilgrim a tourist. The answer seems to be “yes” in the sense that travelers sometimes do find deeper meaning in a secular journey and end up as “accidental pilgrims.” The course reviews the parallel literature on tourism and pilgrimage on theories of sacred and secular travel. The topical issues of the course are explored in selected case studies of tourism and pilgrimage to sacred sites such as Mecca, Jerusalem, and the many in India, as well as secular sites such as battlefields and holocaust museums, celebrity estates (Graceland), and  icons of popular culture (Disneyworld). Field trips are planned to nearby historic sites and a Hindu pilgrimage center.
ANT 230 Cultures of the Caribbean      3 credits
A survey of the English, Spanish and French speaking regions of the Caribbean and review of the ethnohistory of the area from pre-colonial times to the present. The first part of the course examines slavery and the plantation of the colonial period. The second part focuses on the contemporary cultures of the Caribbean, using case studies from several islands, with an examination of domestic arrangements, patterns of work and migration, political conflicts, and vibrant expressive forms such as music and carnival that have made the region such a popular destination for visitors from North America and Europe. Special consideration is given to the impact of tourism on the cultures and ecologies of the islands.

Anthropology 235, Field School in Caribbean
Anthropology 3 credits
This is a course in which students are able to learn and practice their anthropological fieldwork skills in a small town in the Turks & Caicos Islands (TCI), an archipelago at the lower end of the Bahamian island chain.  It will usually be run in an accelerated format in early January.  There are several preliminary classroom meetings while we are still in the U.S. to cover general topics such as the history and physical geography of the Caribbean region and TCI; research methods and ethical considerations for the course and the trip.  While we are on site at the School for Field Studies in South Caicos, the course combines lectures – TCI history, current political, cultural and economic make-up with field work in the local community called Cockburn Harbour.  Students are able to conduct small research projects of their choosing with the people of the town.  Two themes weave through the course material – sustainable development of tourism and fisheries and peripheral countries in the modern world system.  One or two class meetings are scheduled after our return to organize and assimilate the experience and complete final assignments.  The class is taught jointly with Dr. John Gatewood of Lehigh University.  (No pre-requisite but Ant 100 and/or Ant 230 are recommended).

ANT 250 Researching American Communities
3 credits
The course combines classroom and a fieldwork setting to teach students how to do ethnographic research as it is done in cultural anthropology.  The course field setting is the city of Bethlehem, an urban center once based on heavy industry and now in the grips of an economic transition.  As preparation for the fieldwork segment, students read about several community case studies and learn a series of qualitative research techniques such as observation work and interviewing, life history techniques, ethno-photography, and semi-structured survey design.  Attention is also given to ethical issues in human subject research, the preparation of  IRB proposals, and writing field notes.  Students are transported to the field locales in a van where they will be taken on tours and hear presentations from community informants.  The main assignment is group work on an Ethnographic Directory, which provides a broad information profile of the community under study. No pre-requisite but ANT 100 is strongly recommended.

ANT 310 Women in the Developing World
3 credits
A survey of different aspects of women’s lives in the developing world with particular attention given to those from the urban underclass and rural peasantry. The assumption is that economic development in the form of  foreign aid, technology transfer and industrialization has not benefited women to the same extent as men. The course examines how global restructuring has affected women and their families with respect to employment, education, and health. Special focus is given to two issues: how women reconcile their productive and reproductive roles and women’s own attempts to improve the conditions in which they live through mutual co-operation and activism. Cases are drawn from Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, India and other parts of Asia.

ANT 360  Special Topics/Thesis          3 Credits
Course designation for research and thesis writing for self-designed majors in the senior year.

ANT 390 Independent Study 3 credits
Individual research projects, and directed readings carried out under faculty supervision. education and communications as well as for students concentrating in studio art or art history.

ART COURSES
ART 101 Beginning Drawing 3 credits
Introduction to the problems and methods of basic drawing, with attention to line, tone, space and composition. Students work from the human figure, still life and landscape using various media. Emphasis is placed on learning to see and on understanding the process of transforming what is seen into art. Students also spend time looking at and talking about the drawings of various artists, both historical and contemporary, to supplement and enrich studio time spent drawing.

ART 105 Introduction to Art History I   3 credits
An introduction to art history, surveying important works with attention to their historical and cultural contexts, this course covers the Paleolithic period through the end of the Medieval period.

ART 106 Introduction to Art History II  3 credits
An introduction to art history, surveying important works with attention to their historical and cultural contexts, this course covers the early Renaissance through the 19th century.

ART 110 Principles of Visual Organization
3 credits
An introduction to the basic terminology and phenomena of visual organization studied through a series of lectures, assigned problems and critiques. The course is intended as a cognate course for students in education and communications as well as for students
concentrating in studio art or art history.

ART 113 and 213 Illustration and Drawing
3 credits each term
The techniques, objectives and qualities of drawing are explored through a series of critical sessions based on out-of-class drawing assignments

ART 124 Structures through Papermaking  
3 credits
The focus of this course is designed to introduce students to the process of making paper with applications in sheet forming, bookbinding and 3D structures. Investigations into the history of papermaking and contemporary applications will supplement the hands on studio environment of this course.

ART 200 Modern Art 1880-1945           3 credits
A study of selected works of art and texts from the period. Primary source documents such as artists’ statements, manifestos and important works of criticism and poetry are studied alongside the painting, sculpture and performance that they address. Postimpressionism, symbolism, fauvism, expressionism, cubism, futurism and surrealism are some of the movements to be considered.

ART 208 Introduction to Art Therapy
3 credits
This course will present an introductory experience to the field of art therapy.  The course will include principles and practices of art therapy and the use of art making as a healing modality.  Students will be introduced to art therapy theory and practice, art therapy history and its pioneers as well as the present day art therapy community and the American Art Therapy Association.  Students will explore, through discussion and experiential work, the curative aspects of image and art making.

ART 209  Art Therapy Practicum 3 credits
This course is designed to give senior students who have already completed the pre-requisite course, Introduction to Art Therapy, an opportunity to clarify and focus their professional intentions and to obtain experience that will be useful in pursuing further educational opportunities. It is appropriate for students who plan to do graduate work in the field of art therapy. The central focus of the course is the practicum.  The student is expected to complete 80 hours of observation time in an approved facility during the 15 week semester, approximately 5-7 hours each week.  The observations must be performed under the supervision of a master’s level art therapist who will be available to supply feedback and discussion of art therapy concepts and approaches.

ART 210 Contemporary Art 3 credits
A study of selected artists and works from the period 1945-present. Emphasis is on work exhibited in the United States, regardless of the place of origin, and on theoretical and critical thought that accompanied the development of abstract expressionism, pop art, minimal art and other recent movements.

ART 211, 212, 311, 312 The Printed Image
3 credits each term
An investigation of the various techniques of printmaking, specifically monotype, dry point and intaglio techniques. The technique of bookmaking is introduced in relation to a developed series of images and as an art form with its own history and expressive potential. Projects and class discussions focus on how visual images convey meaning in works of art; how series of images react and respond to one another; and how the book itself as a container of meaning can be visually and conceptually linked to printed images in works of art.

ART 220 Women Artists 3 credits
A redefinition of well-established assumptions about the history of art and heightened awareness of the work of the many women artists who have participated in the history but whose work has been overlooked or undervalued. Students look closely at the historical
circumstances that resulted in some women artists’ reputations, influence and work being virtually lost to subsequent generations. Questions are raised that challenge and explore the criteria used to determine what constitutes “great” art, including the varied points
of view raised within feminist art criticism itself.

ART 223, 224, 323, 324 Painting Studio
3 credits each term
A focus on the development of a painterly vocabulary. The problems of direct observation, memory and abstraction are addressed. Students are encouraged to
experiment with the painting medium and materials and expected to become familiar with contemporary concerns and relate them to their historical precedents.  Field trips and visiting artists offer insight into contemporary themes and issues.

ART 225, 226, 325, 326 Jewelry, Metalsmithing
& Small Sculpture 3 credits each term
A deep exploration of the historical and contemporary concepts and processes of jewelry-making and body adornment. Emphasis is placed upon the creation of jewelry as objects of personal language and expression.  The basic jewelry and metalsmithing techniques of
construction and casting are demonstrated, learned and utilized in the creation of jewelry-based objects of art.

ART 227, 228, 327, 328 Sculpture Studio
3 credits each term
An introduction to the process, principles and practice of sculpture. The course exposes the student to art and ideas through field trips, visiting artists, reading and presentation together with the creation of sculpture. Emphasis is placed on the development of a personal expression through a thorough understanding of the form.

ART 231, 232, 331, 332 Ceramics Studio
3 credits each term
An examination of the processes and history of ceramic art in the context of human societal development.  Students utilize the various skills and techniques of wheel-throwing, slab-building, glazing and firing to produce ceramic objects as vehicles of personal expression.

ART 238 Elements of Design 3 credits
An introduction to the visual and conceptual issues of graphic design with an emphasis on creative problem solving.  Exploration of design, visual communications, and graphic theory through applied problems will be addressed. Hands on use of painting, illustration and pagination software
.ART 239 The Book as Art 3 credits
The focus of this course will be on the investigation into the process of bookmaking from simple zines to unique artist books.  We will learn several different structures and produce books with and without text.  Students will work individually and collectively to explore different ways of creating.  Ideas of narrative, found language, concrete poetry and illustration will be addressed

ART 260 Special Topics in Studio Art  3 credits
Media or form problems of special interest to students and faculty that are within the scope of existing facilities are studied in these courses.

ART 261 Special Topics in Art History 3 credits
ART 335 and 336 Advanced Problems
3 credits each term
This course is for advanced students working in different areas of concentration.

ART 370 Senior Studio Seminar
3 credits (fall only)
This course is offered every fall semester as a requirement for the art major. Students will focus on the creation of their own art work determined by their area of interest be it painting, sculpture, printmaking, ceramics, jewelry/metal smith.   Expectations of this course involve research, written work such as artist statements, resumes and other marketing material, and the creation of new works of art.  Through in-progress and group critiques the student will present their investigations and articulate their own interests and vision through visual work.

ART 372 Senior Art Exhibition
3 credit (spring only)
This course is the required for all students planning to exhibit their work in the senior art exhibition. The senior art exhibition is mandatory for art majors with a studio art focus, and optional (with permission from the portfolio review committee) for those with an integrated art focus. ART 370 is a prerequisite. This course is to be taken Pass/Fail and must be taken with an upper level (400) 3-credit studio .  The primary focus of this course is the preparation for the senior art exhibition.  Students will be involved in all aspects of preparing and installing an art exhibition, from critiquing and documenting their work, writing press releases, designing exhibition postcards, and the hanging of art work.  


ART 390 Independent Study in Studio Art
3 credits

ART 391 Independent Study in Studio Art
3 credits


BIOLOGY COURSES
BIO 111 Concepts in Ecology and Environmental Issues   4 credits
Contemporary environmental concerns on global, national and local levels are examined to increase awareness and scientific literacy and to promote stewardship in the understanding of their impact and application to human existence. In order to understand these environmental concerns it is important to study the nature of our non-renewable and renewable resources and the relationships of organisms to one another and to their environment. (Not accepted as credit toward a Biological Sciences major.)

BIO 112 Concepts in Human Biology and Health Issues   4 credits
The application of biological principles to contemporary health issues are examined in this course to provide awareness and scientific literacy about their potential impact and importance to our well-being and the choices we make. Students will gain an appreciation of the design of the human body and the interrelationships among the many organ systems. (Not accepted as credit toward a Biological Sciences major.)

BIO 117 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
4 credits
A study of structure and function, basic concepts, principles and clinical applications important to understanding the human body. The laboratory will complement lecture through microscopic and macroscopic observations of cells through organ systems (integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous and sensory) including dissections. The lecture and laboratory parts of the course must be taken together. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. (Not accepted as credit toward a Biological Sciences major.)

BIO 118 Human Anatomy and Physiology II
4 credits
A continuation of the study of structure and function, basic concepts, principles and clinical applications important to understanding the human body through microscopic and macroscopic observations, including dissections of the endocrine, cardiovascular, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. The lecture and laboratory parts of the course must be taken together. Lecture 3 hours, Laboratory 3 hours. (Not accepted as credit toward a Biological Sciences major). Prerequisite: BIO 117 or permission of the instructor.

BIO 121 Principles of Biology I           4 credits
An introduction to the basic, unifying principles of biological systems, this course emphasizes the building blocks of life, cellular metabolism and processes, patterns of inheritance and human genetics and molecular mechanisms of heredity and gene function. The laboratory consists of investigative research and emphasizes skills and techniques. This course is designed for science majors, allied health and pre-professional students. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. BIO 121 and 122 may be taken in either order.

BIO 122 Principles of Biology II          4 credits
An introduction to evolutionary theory and principles, this course emphasizes plant diversity, structure and function, animal diversity, vertebrate animal structure and function, human structure and function, and an overview of ecology and animal behavior. The laboratory includes student/faculty research and emphasizes skills and techniques. Three hours lecture, three hours laboratory. BIO 121 and 122 may be taken in either order.

BIO 127 Fundamentals of Microbiology
4 credits
The general characteristics of bacteria, protozoa, yeasts, molds and viruses are used to understand the role of microorganisms in human health and disease. The interactions between the host and the microorganisms are emphasized as well as the physical and chemical methods of control. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. (Not accepted as credit toward a Biological Sciences major.)

BIO/NEU 200 Introduction to Neuroscience
3 credits

BIO 201 Research Directorship 1 credit
Research Directors (RD’s) lead a team of 3-6 Principles of Biology lab students through the many steps of scientific research. Developing a research plan and schedule, teaching laboratory and/or field techniques, training crew members on how to conduct an on-line literature search and critiquing oral and written research reports are the primary responsibilities of an RD. Prerequisite: BIO 122 and permission of the instructor.
BIO 207 Botany (Alternate years)       4 credits
A study of plants from the green algae through the angiosperms. Plant structure, function, physiology, ecology, and conservation will be addressed. The laboratory portion of the course will focus on the evolutionary relationships among different plant families and the learning of key characteristics to aid in plant identification. The lecture and laboratory sections of the course must be taken together. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisite: BIO 111 or BIO 122 or permission of the instructor.

BIO/HON 214 Bioterrorism & Emerging
Infectious Diseases 3 credits
Ebola, anthrax, Lyme disease, SARS, polio, smallpox, the Plague, mad cow disease and the avian flu continue to attract the attention of the human species. These are either emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) or the agents responsible for the diseases that plague our kind. In some cases, EIDs and bioterrorism go hand in hand. This course will cover the biological mechanisms of a diversity of diseases, the ecology of disease agents and vectors, the impact of globalization on the spread of EIDs, agencies (e.g., CDC) involved in fighting the spread of diseases, bioterrorism in the past, present and future, and the socioeconomic impact of EIDs and bioterrorism. Lectures, debates, book discussions, films, and projects will be integral parts of this course. Prerequisite: An enthusiastic interest in learning more about bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases..

BIO 217 Anatomy and Physiology I
4 credits
A comprehensive course integrating the structure and function of the human body with a problem- based approach. Studies include the chemical basis of life, the structure and function of the cell and the histology and function of tissues with an emphasis on the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous and sensory systems. Dissections, including cat dissection, are an integral part of the laboratory experience. The lecture and laboratory parts of the course must be taken together. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisite: BIO 122 or permission of instructor.

BIO 218 Anatomy and Physiology II
4 credits
A continuation of the comprehensive, problem-based approach to the study of structure and function in the human body. Emphasis is placed on the endocrine, cardiovascular, immune, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Studies also include metabolism, nutrition, fluid and electrolyte balance, medical molecular genetics and growth and development. Dissections, including cat dissection, are an integral part of the laboratory experience. The lecture and laboratory parts of the course must be taken together. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisite: BIO 217 or permission of instructor.

BIO/NEU 220 Sensation and Perception
(Alternate years) 3 or 4 credits

BIO 224 Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary
Approach (Alternate years) 3 credits
A study of the underlying (proximate) mechanisms an evolutionary (ultimate) causes of animal behavior. Topics will include how genes and the environment affect the development of behavior, the neurological control of behavior, and the evolution of behavioral adaptations (habitat selection, territoriality, migration, communication, predator avoidance, foraging strategies, reproductive strategies, and social behavior). The evolution of human behavior will also be discussed. Concepts will be introduced and discussed using a hypothetico-deductive approach. Prerequisites: BIO 111 or BIO 122 or PSY 100.

BIO 227 Microbiology 4 credits
A survey of microbial life including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses (with an emphasis on bacteria). Topics covered include microbial characteristics, physical and chemical control, metabolism, enzymes, regulation of enzyme activity, bacterial genetics, bacterial diversity, host-microbe interactions, and applications of microbiology. The laboratory includes aseptic technique, staining procedures, culture methods, cultural and physical characteristics, microbial control, microbiology of food, water,  and soil, microbiology of the body, and identification of unknowns. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisites: BIO 121, 122, CHE 111, 112.

BIO 235 Ecology, Evolution, and Genetics    4 credits
This course covers material beyond the introductory level in the areas of ecology, evolution, and classical genetics. Topics include population, community, and ecosystem ecology; extensions of Mendelian genetics; microevolution and evolutionary genetics; speciation; and macroevolution. The associated lab includes a field component, Lecture, three hours, laboratory, three hours. Prerequisites (lecture and lab, C- or better): BIO 121 and 122 required, CHE 111 and 112 recommended.
BIO 236 Cell and Molecular Biology  
4 credits
This course expands on fundamental concepts in the areas of cell and molecular biology with special emphasis on the molecular reactions and cellular structures found inside of eukaryotic cells. Topics will include microscopy; cell structure and function; cell cycle and reproduction; gene expression and its control; molecular mechanisms of inheritance, inter- and intracellular signaling and interactions. In conjunction with the lecture course, the laboratory sections will provide the students with firsthand experience in commonly used experimental techniques in cell and molecular biology. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisites (lecture and lab, C- or better): BIO 121 and 122 required, CHE 111 and 112 recommended.

BIO 243 Biology Independent Research
1-2 credits
This course is designed for students who are interested in conducting independent research under the guidance of a faculty member from the Department of Biological Sciences, but have not developed a research proposal for their independent project. This course may be repeated; 2 credits per semester is the standard load. This course may not be applied to the Thesis Option for any major. Prerequisites: permission of the faculty supervising the research.

BIO 248 Biostatistics 3 credits
An introduction to parametric and nonparametric statistical methods commonly used to analyze biological data, students learn and apply these methods to their own research and/or to ecological, molecular and health related data found in the primary literature. Prerequisite: BIO 121, 122; junior or senior standing recommended.

BIO 300 Evolution (Alternate years)
3 or 4 credits
This course involves in-depth study of mechanisms of evolution and how they relate to the complexity of the world and its organisms. Evolutionary change will be studied as it occurs at the genetic level, within populations, between species, and as it relates to physical changes in the environment. The use of fossil, morphological, and molecular data to tease apart evolutionary relationships among taxa will be discussed and examined further in the lab. Students may take only the lecture portion of the course (3 credits) or the lecture and laboratory portion of the course (4 credits). Prerequisites: BIO 121, 122; BIO 231 is recommended.

BIO 304 Pathophysiology 3 credits
A study of the underlying changes in human physiology at the tissue and organ level that result from disease and injury. Prerequisite: Bio 117 and 118 or 217 and 218 or permission of the instructor.

BIO 307 Biodiversity and Conservation
Biology 4 credits
An overview of the science of conservation covering 1) the nature of conservation biology and the definition, origin, and global patterns of biodiversity, 2) the threats to biodiversity including habitat destruction and fragmentation, exotic species introductions, overexploitation, and disease, 3) how these threats affect the genetics and demographic processes of small populations, and 4) an introduction to the methods used to stop the loss of biodiversity including establishing new populations, ex situ conservation strategies, the design, establishment, and management of protected areas, and restoration ecology. Prerequisite: BIO 234 or permission of instructor.

BIO 312 GIS and Spatial Modeling
(Alternate years) 4 credits
Students in this course will gain both field and lab experience in the uses of GPS (Geographical Positioning Systems) and GIS (Geographic Information System). The relationship of these new technologies to the fields of conservation biology, land management, business, criminal investigation, and city planning will be discussed through readings in the primary literature and experienced through class projects. Projects include mapping and data basing the Cedar Crest College Buildings and Arboretum,  assessing habitat use by animals in a local park, and a study of changes in land use over time. Students must take both the lecture and lab portions of this course. Prerequisites: BIO 121, 122; BIO 234 Ecology is recommended.

BIO 315 Case Studies in Conservation Biology
2-3 Credits
This course will be taught in a seminar style and involve a review and discussion of readings, issues and examples in biodiversity and conservation biology. Students will work independently and in small groups to critique Federally endangered species recovery plans, create materials that would be informative to the public regarding conservation issues, and debate the design of a park/preserve. Students taking the course for 3, rather than 2 credits, will also participate in a service-learning project involving an environmental issue in the local community. Prerequisites: BIO 121, 122, 234; BIO 307 is recommended.
BIO/PHI 320 Biomedical Ethics           3 credits
Offers an investigation of ethical issues, using philosophical models and biomedical case studies, in areas of death and dying, human experimentation, reproductive manipulation, genetic engineering, behavioral control and health-care delivery. Prerequisite: Junior standing.

BIO 323 Bioinformatics 4 credits
This course is a study of central concepts in bioinformatics.  Topics will include DNA and protein sequence alignment, database searches and phylogenetic reconstruction; genomics and related disciplines; and perl programming.  Emphasis will be placed on the current primary literature.  Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours.  Prerequisites: BIO 235 and BIO 236, or permission of the instructor.

BIO 327 Microbial Pathogenesis         4 credits
This course will introduce the microorganisms responsible for many common diseases and the ways in which the human body can protect itself against these diseases.  Topics include immunology, bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and microbial pathogenesis.  Lectures, laboratory work, current events, literature research, individual and group projects will be integral parts of this course.  Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours.  Prerequisites: BIO 227, 222, and 231 or permission of the instructor.

BIO 328 Marine Ecology and Conservation          3 or 4 credits
This course is an introduction to the organisms, habitats, and ecosystems that make up the marine realm and the conservation issues that affect them. Special emphasis is given to neo-tropical marine ecosystems. Topics include physical oceanography, marine biodiversity, the ecology of marine organisms and communities, and marine conservation ecology. The optional field experience is taught at the Oceanic Society- Blackbird Caye field site in Belize. While at the field site, students will: (1) learn basic research methods that are utilized during marine field studies, (2) conduct a comparative biodiversity study of neo-tropical ecosystems, including coral reefs, sea grass beds, and mangroves, (3) conduct marine conservation research projects, and (4) be introduced to the culture of Belize. Snorkeling is required. Students are responsible for all travel and lodging expenses. While this is a Fall-semester course, the field portion will be held in early January. Lecture; 3 cr.; Field experience: 1cr. Prerequisites: BIO 234 or 235.


BIO/NEU 330 Neuropharmacology 3 credits

BIO 332 Developmental Biology
(Alternate years) 4 credits
From the DNA blueprint to an organism’s final structure, this course is a morphological and molecular study of growth and differentiation. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisites: BIO 222 or 236 and 231 or235.

BIO 335 Molecular Genetics I
4 credits
Part one of a two-part course in molecular genetics, this semester emphasizes molecular mechanisms as they apply to prokaryotic organisms.  Lectures will begin with a general review of genetics and cell biology, cover basic techniques used in molecular biology research, and then detail the processes of DNA replication and transcription in prokaryotes.  In the laboratory portion of this course, students will use restriction endonucleases to clone specific genes from bacterial DNA.  They will demonstrate their success through restriction mapping, gene-specific PCR, and gene expression.  Prerequisites: BIO 235, 236.

BIO 336 Molecular Genetics II 4 credits
Part two of a two-part course in molecular genetics, this semester emphasizes molecular mechanisms as they apply to eukaryotic organisms.  Lectures explore basic techniques used in molecular biology research as the processes of transcription and translation in eukaryotes are examined.  The impact that current research in the field of molecular genetics has on society health issues and world politics is also examined.  In the laboratory portion of this course, students will construct a cDNA library which they will probe using primers that they designed.  Prerequisite: BIO 335.

BIO/NEU 340 Neuroscience Methods
(Alternate years) 4 credits

BIO 342 Radiation Biology 4 credits
A study of the properties of radiation, its detection and measurement and its pathological and therapeutic effect upon the living system. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours.

BIO 343 Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR
1.5 credits
A 7-week laboratory-intensive course on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), one of the most important tools of molecular biology. Prerequisites: BIO 231 and junior or senior standing.
BIO 344 DNA Sequencing 1.5 credits
This lab-intensive course will help students to better understand both the Sanger and Maxam-Gilbert Methods of sequencing.  Students will experience Sanger sequencing through both manual and automated sequencing methods.  They will also learn how to interpret data as they use biotechnology to identify sequences and build basic sequence comparisons.  Prerequisites: BIO 236 and junior or senior status.

BIO 345 Advanced Recombinant DNA
Techniques 3 credits
An introduction to advanced recombinant DNA techniques with an emphasis on theory and applications. Prerequisites: BIO 335, 336.

BIO 346 Antibody Production and
Characterization 4 credits
An introduction to antibody production and immunoassays. Basic aspects of immunology are discussed along with polyclonal, monoclonal and recombinant antibodies. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisites: BIO 222, 227, 231; CHE 205, 206.

BIO 347 Microscopy and Image Analysis
1.5 credits
Theory and application of advanced techniques in microcopy, including fluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Introduction to digital image processing and analysis. This 7-week laboratory-intensive course meets for the second half of the Spring semester.

BIO/NEU 348 Diseases of the Nervous System 3 credits

BIO 349 Protein Purification and Analysis
1.5 credits
A 7-week, laboratory-intensive course covering the methodologies of protein purification such as column chromatography and ammonium sulfate precipitation, quantification of protein concentration through colorimetric methods, and protein analysis through both denaturing and non-denaturing PAGE. Various methods of detection are used including coomassie blue stain, an enzymatic assay, and western blot. Prerequisites: BIO 236 and junior or senior status.

BIO 350 Junior Colloquium 2 credits
This course fulfills two goals: (1) development of career plans and skills, including interviews, resumes, and oral, written, and computer communication. (2) development of critical thinking skills through the selection of a research topic and preparation of a research proposal. Should a student select the thesis option for her major, this proposal will be the foundation for her thesis research. This course is part of the capstone requirement for all majors in the Department of Biological Sciences, and is taken in the fall of the junior year. Prerequisite: BIO 121, 122.

BIO 353 Biology Independent Research
1-2 credits
This course is designed for students who wish to complete the Thesis Option for their major by conducting independent research under the guidance of a faculty member from the Department of Biological Sciences. Students who choose to conduct thesis research should have developed a proposal that outlines their research plan prior to registering for this course. This course may be repeated; 2 credits per semester is the standard load. The Thesis Option requires a minimum of 4 credits earned by working in a coherent research project. Prerequisites: permission of the faculty supervising the research and successful completion of BIO 350.

BIO 354 Thesis and Presentation
1 credit
This course serves as the capstone course for the Thesis Option for all majors in the Department of Biological Sciences. Completion of this course requires (1) submission of a written thesis to the faculty supervising the student’s thesis research and (2) oral or poster presentation of the student’s research project to the college community at the Biological Sciences Research Symposium. Prerequisites: Declared major within the Department of Biological Sciences; permission of the faculty supervising the research; 4 credits of BIO 353, CHE 391/392 (2 credits of BIO 353 - CHE391/392 may be taken concurrently).

BIO 355 Science, Ethics and Society
2 credits
Normally taken in the senior year, this course provides science majors with an opportunity to form connections between their scientific background and society as a whole. Students will gain an understanding of the role of science in society and the importance of ethics within science. Prerequisite: BIO 350.


BIO 360 Special Topics in Biology
1-4 credits
A consideration of a selected topic in contemporary or classical biology. Permission of the instructor is required.

BIO 390 Independent Study 1-4 credits
Prerequisite: Permission of faculty.

Biology Courses Offered in Affiliation with
Hawk Mountain Sanctuary
All Hawk Mountain courses are held regardless of weather conditions and require outdoor fieldwork and hiking  on rugged terrain. Appropriate clothing and footgear are recommended. Students must provide their own transportation to the Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in Kempton, PA.

The raptor biology courses (253, 256, 259) are recommended as a sequence for Biology majors desiring to earn a 3-credit elective. Any of the Hawk Mountain courses can be combined to fulfill 3- or 4- credit elective biology major requirements, providing the student has completed a full year of introductory biology. Students without this prerequisite may take the courses but not for credit toward their major. There is a $35 site fee charged for 1-credit courses; $50 for 2-credit courses; $75 for 3 or 4 credit courses.

BIO 251 Neotropical Migrant Birds 1 credit
A focus on neotropical migrant birds with consideration of their natural history, identification and migratory patterns. Students learn orientation and theory in the classroom. Location, identification and discussion of species are studied in the field (Hawk Mountain Sanctuary and surrounding area). The course meets one weekend in late April or early May.

BIO 252 Field Ornithology 3 credits
A field course oriented to identification, adaptations, habitat associations and sociobiology of birds at Hawk Mountain. The course meets for two weekends (one in September and October).

BIO 253 Dynamics of Raptor Migration
1 credit
An introduction to hawk migration, including the effects of weather and geography, hawk identification, migration research and a small independent project. The course meets for two Saturdays in the fall.




BIO 256 Birds of Prey in Winter: A Study in
Adaptation (Alternate years) 1 credit
An introduction to the winter ecology of Pennsylvania’s hawks, eagles and falcons, with emphasis on hunting strategies and tactics, prey selection, competition for food and aggressive interactions. The course meets for one weekend in late January.

BIO 259 Nesting Birds of Prey
(Alternate years) 1 credit
An introduction to the breeding ecology of Pennsylvania’s hawks, eagles, falcons and owls, with emphasis on territorial behavior, parent-offspring interactions, nestling growth and development and conservation ecology. The course meets for one weekend in March.

Business COURSES
BUA 110 Principles of Management    3 credits
An introduction to the functions and responsibilities of business management. This course examines the fundamentals of management and explores why management is needed in today’s complex business world. It explores the traditional functions of planning, controlling and organizing and pays special attention to organizational structures, leadership, and motivation. An excellent course for both business and non-business majors, it requires no prerequisites.

BUA 211 Introduction to Healthcare Systems
3 credits
An in-depth overview and analysis of American health care and medical delivery systems.  Cultural, political, economic and environmental factors that affect health care delivery will be explored from historic and contemporary perspectives.  Specific forces influencing health care delivery including reimbursement, labor shortages, the impact of health maintenance organizations, aging population and access to healthcare will be discussed.  Emphasis is placed on the way healthcare is reimbursed in the U.S. and the history of for-profit, not-for-profit and entitlement programs.  A look at structure, access, organization and functions will provide the student with an introduction to the complexity and unique elements of health care systems.  Prerequisites:  BUA 110.

BUA 216 Personal Finance 3 credits
Designed to acquaint the student with the concepts of portfolio analysis in the general area of investment management. The course discusses principles for managing financial assets. Many of these principles apply to both personal and institutional investment strategies. In addition to an introduction to the major investment vehicles available in developed nations, students will learn how to establish appropriate investment objectives, develop optimal portfolio strategies, estimate risk-return tradeoffs, and evaluate investment performance.

BUA 220 Human Resource Management
3 credits
A course in Human Resource Management, specific attention is placed on the day-to-day administrative and management procedures necessary to support the workforce. Included are matters of recruiting, selecting and hiring personnel, compensation and benefits, legal requirements that govern records and interactions with employees, rules and regulations covering termination, task definition, and training. Prerequisites:  BUA 110.

BUA 221 Business Law 3 credits
Business relationships are largely based upon contractual agreements. This course provides an introduction to the legal system as it effects business, the nature and meaning of law, sources of law, legal process and institutions. Students examine the legal environment of business, along with the individual’s rights and responsibilities in a free society. Particular emphasis is placed on contracts, at common law and under the Uniform Commercial Code, and the exploration of how these principles apply to modern life both in and out of the business setting.

BUA 239 Employment Law 3 credits
Managing within the law requires students to understand the interrelationships between the various federal and state laws and regulations affecting employment relationships and management’s human resource policies and practices. This course provides students with the foundations necessary to foster a healthy, productive and lawful work environment.  Experiential exercises reinforce an understanding of the application of law to employment situations and advocacy issues in employment discrimination cases.  Prerequisites:  BUA 221 or BUA 110.

BUA 240 International Business          3 credits
A course in international business that examines the global business structure with a focus on cultural differences, the theories of international trade and investment, the functions of foreign exchange and monetary systems, and the process of strategic and operational decisions. Students are asked to broaden their perspective on obtaining news and information to assess international issues intelligently. Prerequisites:  ECO 101, BUA 110, MRK 230.

BUA 250 Principles of Finance 3 credits
An examination of the modern theories that explain financial decision-making. This course considers decisions made by managers to obtain, manage, and invest funds for the operation of the organization. Topics include the time value of money, financial markets and institutions, financial instruments, financial planning, ratio analysis, working capital management and capital budgeting. Prerequisite(s): ACC 102, ECO 101, ECO 102, MAT 105.

BUA 258 Healthcare Management       3 credits
An in-depth look at healthcare delivery systems with emphasis on administrative functions, terminology, accreditation, human resources management, medical staff relationships and the many legal aspects of health care management.  Special emphasis is given to the topics of the uninsured population, access to care, world health, financing health care in other countries, quality improvement, marketing and corporate compliance.  Prerequisites: BUA 110, BUA 211.

BUA 281 Business Ethics 4 credits
An examination of how ethical and moral considerations interact with the role of business and its search for legitimacy within our society. Business must identify various organization stakeholders, recognize the conflicting demands that emanate from each, and develop management behaviors, policies and practices that are acceptable to as many as possible. Students engage in understanding the societal, organizational, and institutional pressures on businesses and their employees when making decisions. Changing ethical and moral standards as businesses transcend political and cultural boundaries in the global marketplace merit attention. Real-life and hypothetical case study situations are used to enhance the classroom experience. Prerequisites: BUA 110, or SOC 100 or PHI 100 or PSC 201.

BUA 300 Writing for Management         3 credits
A focus on the close connection between all levels of management communication and the written document. Special emphasis is placed on the creation and development of all forms of written management communications, including email, memos, reports and proposals, and close attention is paid to the amenities of good English syntax as it impacts effective communication. Includes oral and written presentations of management information. Prerequisite: ENG 100 or HON 122, BUA 110, Sophomore standing.

BUA 320 Attracting, Selecting and
Retaining Talent 3 credits
Any organization’s most important asset is the people.  This course presents theory, research and application on the recruitment, selection and retention of individuals in the workplace. This course is organized into three parts: a) recruitment processes from the organizational and applicant perspective; b) the logistics and legal issues of employee selection; and c) various issues related to the retention of productive and satisfied workers. Case studies are used to demonstrate concepts.  Prerequisite: BUA 220.
BUA 325 Compensation Management 3 credits
The study of establishing pay and employee benefit programs that are consistent with organizational objectives and focus employee efforts to organizational goals. Students also explore the design of rewards and incentive programs that impact job satisfaction and retention. This applied examination of financial reward systems is in the context of relevant theoretical and legal perspectives. Topics include compensation structures, job evaluation, pay surveys, incentives, pay equity, benefits, executive compensation and compensation strategy. Prerequisite: BUA 220.

BUA 328 Power, Influence, and Negotiation
3 credits
An examination of how influence, power and organizational politics are related to effective negotiation and development of leadership style.  Experiential exercises facilitate learned application of strategy. This course is intended for those who want to challenge themselves to explore their potential to stimulate innovation and creativity in others.  Prerequisites: BUA 110 and PSY 100.  

BUA 329 Organizational Behavior       3 credits
A study of the relationship between enlightened, effective management and individual, group and organizational performance. Particular focus is directed to organizational climate, intergroup behavior, reward processes, performance evaluation, leadership and communications. Prerequisite:  BUA 110.

BUA 335 Retail Management 3 credits
Students will examine the retail business process and understand the components of developing and maintaining a retail operation. The course includes the fundamentals needed to analyze the daily business practices of a retail establishment and apply solutions based on sound management theory and practical experience.  Prerequisite: MRK 230.

BUA 340 Healthcare Finance 3 credits
Introduces the student to current performance measurement, budgeting and reimbursement processes in health care facilities.  Topics include financial statements, the prospective payment system, managed care, utilization management and other sources of health care revenue and cost management.  The course discusses cost/benefit analysis, capital financing, risk management and performance indicators pertinent to the health care industry.  Prerequisite: BUA 258.

BUA 345 Operations and
Supply Chain Management 3 credits

A survey course of the analysis, decisions, and actions necessary to operate efficient and effective organizations.  Considered are topics in forecasting, capacity planning, scheduling, dispatching, projects, process design, facility design, and quality control.  Students are asked to integrate the functions of marketing, finance, and organizational behavior to understand how products or services move from conception to delivery.  Prerequisites:  BUA 250, BUA 329 or PSY 301, MRK 230.

BUA 350 Leadership 3 credits
Encouraging and achieving change in organizations and communities is the focus of this course. On a foundation of theoretical and applied concepts in leadership, students will undertake projects that develop the ability to create authentic visions and sustainable, cooperative responses to issues and opportunities.  Simultaneously, students are asked to confront the challenge of moral leadership through an assessment of examples where individuals must make choices with significant ethical implications. Prerequisite:  BUA 110 or PSY 100.

BUA 351 Applied Strategic Management I
3 credits

This course is the first of two required courses that consider the development and the execution of business strategy.  Starting from the premise that business strategy is a holistic process that combines all business functions, as well as the internal and external environment of an organization, students will learn the process of strategy, its underlying theory, and the key decisions that must be made to integrate an organization’s capabilities and gain competitive advantage.  Students will use representative case studies to analyze, discuss, and recommend strategic behavior.  The course prepares students for Applied Strategic Management II, which requires the development and defense of a formal business plan.  Prerequisites:  BUA 345, ECO 101, MAT 110.

BUA 352 Applied Strategic Management II
3 credits
This capstone course for business and accounting majors integrates the collective knowledge students have acquired from the various functional areas of business to include accounting, finance, management, marketing, human resources, business ethics, and law.  Specific emphasis is on entrepreneurship and teamwork.  Students are organized into management teams for the purpose of analyzing a business from a strategic perspective and developing a business plan.  Each team will be assigned a real company to work with and be assigned a Board of Directors consisting of a Cedar Crest Professor, one or two outside business professionals and a member of the client business’s management team (when appropriate).  Each team will meet with their Board three times during the semester.  The Board will act as advisors and mentors to the teams, and participate in their evaluation.
Business topics of strategic management and current business events will also be discussed throughout the semester.  The students will gain a practical experience in business that encompasses a wide variety of business issues while learning directly from the regions best business people.  The client companies get new and fresh insights into their organization from some of the brightest young minds in the area, under supervision of the some of the region’s most respected professionals.  Prerequisite:  BUA 351.

BUA 160, 260, or 360 Special Topics
1-3 credits
This course is an exploration of specialized topics not among the traditional course offerings. This course may be repeated for credit as topics change.

CHEMISTRY COURSES
CHE 103 Concepts in Chemistry           5 credits
A study of descriptive chemistry as it relates to allied health fields. Fundamentals of reactions in solution, acid-base theory, and gas laws are presented in relation to physiological systems. This course also covers basic organic chemistry and biochemistry from organic structure and functional groups to carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and enzymes. Four hours integrated lecture and recitation and 2.5 hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites: Basic Arithmetic and Algebra Skills.
CHE 111 Chemical Principles                4 credits
A detailed study of principles and methods in theoretical and descriptive chemistry. Stoichiometry, periodic behavior, gases, solutions, and simple equilibria are covered. Laboratory emphasis is on basic chemical principles and qualitative analysis. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisite: High school chemistry.

CHE 112 Chemical Equilibrium and Analysis
4 credits
A study of the analytical chemistry of the more common elements. Acid-base theory, solubility and redox equilibria are treated in lecture and applied in lab. Statistical evaluation of volumetric, optical, and potentiometric data are also covered. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisite: completion of CHE 111 lecture with a grade of C- or better and completion of CHE 111 laboratory with a grade of D or better.

CHE 203 Survey of Organic Chemistry
3 or 4 credits
An overview of the chemistry of carbon compounds: naming, structure, functional groups, and reactions, with continual reference to substances of biological activity and importance. Topics discussed build from basic hydrocarbons and concepts to polyfunctional and
complex systems. Lecture three hours, laboratory three
hours. The 3-credit option does not include laboratory.
Prerequisite: One year of college chemistry.

CHE 205 Organic Chemistry I                  4 credits
A study of the chemistry of carbon compounds: structure, naming, reactions and synthesis involving major functional groups. Laboratory emphasis is on synthesis, separations and purification of organic compounds. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisite: One year of college chemistry.

CHE 206 Organic Chemistry II               4 credits
A continuation of CHE 205 with focus on aromatic compounds and oxygenated functional groups. The laboratory stresses compound identifications through wet chemical and various spectral methods. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisite: CHE
205 or its equivalent.

CHE 217 Nutritional Biochemistry        3 credits
A study of the basic concepts of biochemistry applied to metabolism: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids: enzymes and metabolic control; vitamins and co-factors. Emphasis is placed on metabolic pathways, the interrelationships of major nutrients and the relation of
metabolic processes to the overall nutritional health of
an individual. Prerequisite: CHE 203.

CHE 241 Crime Scene Reconstruction and
Pattern Analysis 4 credits
Students will be introduced to basic concepts in criminalistics such as identification and individualization. Among the topics for lecture and laboratory instruction are photography and other methods of crime scene documentation, imprint and impression recovery and analysis, firearms identification, and questioned document examination. Students are introduced to physical patterns such as blood spatter, bullet trajectory, and glass fracture typically found at crime scenes. Emphasis is also placed on the proper handling, packaging, and transport of physical evidence from crime scenes. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisite: CHE 111.

CHE 300 Technical Information              3 credits
An introduction to the chemical literature and methods for literature searching using hardcopy and computer-assisted techniques. Major reference works, domestic and foreign research and review journals, and patents are discussed. Students gain experience in searching the literature, abstracting information in written form, and writing research papers for publication. Prerequisite: CHE 205 and 206.

CHE 302 Instrumental Analysis          4 credits
Principles, applications and theories of modern instrumental methods including chromatographic, spectrophotometric and electrochemical techniques are
studied. Forensic Science students will receive separate laboratory instruction that emphasizes forensic application. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisites: CHE 206 and PHY 102, or departmental approval.
CHE 306 Advanced Organic Chemistry 3 credits
A continuation of organic chemistry with emphasis on synthetic methods, condensations and cycloadditions, organometallic reagents, aliphatic and aromatic substitutions, and reaction site selectivity. Also, molecular rearrangements and multi-step synthesis pathways. Frequent reference to the current chemical literature. Prerequisite: One year of organic chemistry.

CHE 307 Biochemistry I 3 or 4 credits
A study of the structure, properties and functions of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Enzyme kinetics is introduced and selected enzyme mechanisms are discussed. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. The 3-credit option does not include laboratory. Prerequisite: one year of organic chemistry.

CHE 308 Biochemistry II 3 or 4 credits
Metabolic pathways are surveyed in terms of bioenergetics, mechanisms of selected enzyme mediated processes, and key metabolic controls. The molecular and clinical aspects of various diseases are discussed. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. The 3-credit option does not include laboratory. Prerequisite: CHE 307 or departmental approval.

CHE 314 Toxicology 3 credits
An overview of toxicology principles including absorption, distribution, metabolic pathways and the effect of toxicants on various body systems, toxic effects of both organic and inorganic substances are discussed. Methods to measure toxicity and quantify toxicants in the environment are also studied. Prerequisite: CHE 205 or its equivalent.

CHE 318 Advanced Biochemistry Laboratory 2 credits
A study of modern methods and instrumentation applied to the separation and study of bio-active molecular species, particularly enzymes and nucleic acids. Prerequisite: CHE 307.

CHE 320 Environmental Chemistry
3 or 4 credits
Chemical species in the water, soil and air environments are studied with respect to their sources, transport, reactions, effect and fates. The laboratory option stresses analytical methods. Additionally, the influence of human activity upon these processes is discussed. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. The 3-credit option does not include laboratory. Prerequisite: Chemistry 205.

CHE 331 Inorganic Chemistry             3 credits
A detailed study of the periodic properties, modern bonding theories, molecular geometries and coordination complexes of the transition elements and lanthanides, chemical reactions of representative and transition elements and their compounds are surveyed. Prerequisite: One year of organic chemistry, MAT 141,
and MAT 142 (which may be concurrent).
CHE 335 Physical Chemistry I             4 credits
A study of the laws of thermodynamics and their application to solutions and phase equilibria, and chemical kinetics. Laboratory emphasis on applications of thermodynamic and kinetic principles and writing laboratory reports in journal format. Prerequisite: MAT 141, MAT 142 and PHY 101(which may be concurrent). Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours.

CHE 336 Physical Chemistry II           3 credits
A study of electrochemistry and quantum chemistry and its applications to atomic and molecular structure. Also, an introduction to statistical mechanics and its role in describing the relationships between macroscopic and microscopic properties of matter. Prerequisite: CHE 335.

CHE 341 Polymer Chemistry                 3 credits
A survey of the reactions leading to macromolecules: step and chain processes; kinetics, mechanisms and catalysts; the relation of reaction composition and molecular structure to polymer properties. Prerequisite: One year of organic chemistry.

CHE 344 Heterocyclic Compounds       3 credits
A study of the chemistry of nonbenzenoid aromatics containing ring hetero atoms, ranging from simple heterocycles to polycyclic systems and the nucleic acid bases. Emphasis is placed on synthesis, reactions and compounds of natural origin and pharmaceutical interest. Prerequisite: One year of organic chemistry.

CHE 347 Trace Evidence and Microscopy 4 credits
Lecture and laboratory instruction are given in the analysis of trace evidence typically found in forensic investigation such as hair, fibers, soil, glass and paint. The course focuses on the use of the light microscope, polarized light microscope, and the micro-FTIR as analytical tools. Students will also receive instruction in instrumental and wet chemical methods for the analysis of trace evidence, arson debris, and drugs. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisites: CHE 111 and CHE 112.

CHE 348 Forensic Molecular Biology
and Population Genetics 4 credits
Lecture and laboratory instruction are given in body fluid stain identification and modern DNA typing methods used in forensic biology. Emphasis is placed on PCR technology and STR fragment analysis. Students are also introduced to mitochondrial DNA typing methods as well as future forensic DNA methodologies. The use and calculation of population statistics used in forensic DNA testing is also discussed. Lecture three hours, laboratory three hours. Prerequisite: BIO 231.

CHE 349 Professional Issues in
Forensic Science 3 credits
Students are introduced to professional issues specific for forensic science practitioners. Topics include the courtroom admissibility of physical evidence, courtroom testimony and report writing. Students are also presented with ethical dilemmas typically encountered by practitioners and discussion centers on their resolution. Standards of ethics codified by professional forensic organizations is also presented. Prerequisite: CHE 241.

CHE 352 Chemistry Seminar (Capstone) 1 credit
Student-conducted literature searches and presentations (both oral and written) involving a chemical topic related to research conducted in Chemistry 391 or 392, an internship, or a topic approved by a Chemistry Department faculty member.

CHE 360 Special Topics        1-3 credits each term
A discussion of selected chemistry topics of interest to faculty and students.

CHE 391 or 392 Advanced Laboratory and Research (Capstone)           3 credits each term
Investigations using modern instrumentation and research under the direction of a faculty member and student presentations of results (in Chemistry 352). There is a three-credit minimum for chemistry and biochemistry majors.  Research opportunities related to forensic science are available. Approved off-campus research experiences may meet this requirement.

CHE 393 Internship (Capstone)          3-6 credits
Application of chemistry or forensic science in a corporate or public sector setting.


COMMUNICATION COURSES
CST 110 Introduction to Communication 3 credits
Introduction to Communication aims to introduce students to the field of Communication and to strengthen students’ communication skills for a variety of situations.  The course accomplishes this through study and training in the basic principles and theories of  communication and through practice in intrapersonal, interpersonal, small-group, and public communication.  The ability to communicate effectively has become increasingly important in helping to determine a person’s success as a responsible citizen, a productive professional, and an understanding human being.  Everyone can improve and develop more confidence in the ability to communicate effectively by understanding the communicative process, training in basic communication principles, and experiencing varied communication situations.

CST 130 Introduction to Film 3 credits
An introduction to the study of film forms and film contents. It provides an historical overview of the development of film from its international premiere in 1906 by the Lumiere Brothers to the diversity of today’s
cinema.

CST 170 Introduction to Mass Communication
3 credits
Introduction to a range of approaches and theories that address the concept, character, organization, history and content of mass communication. Students have the opportunity to analyze the practices and products of mass communication in class and to explore the relation between media, reality and knowledge.

CST 180 Introduction to Journalism (WRI-2) 3 credits
An introduction to the theory and practice of journalism. Students analyze, critique and write stories for print and electronic journalism. Contemporary issues in journalism are discussed and debated. Students also learn techniques of newsgathering within a socially
responsible and ethical framework.

CST 210  Research in Communication 3 credits
Introduces students to ways to think about and research issues in communication.  It provides students with foundational tools to do research in the field, focusing heavily on qualitative approaches.  Methods include semiotics, content analysis, narrative and genre analysis, ideological and feminist analysis, among others.  Basic quantitative approaches such as surveys and focus groups are also covered.  The course helps students to do improve their research skills for all communication classes, and also prepares them for more in-depth projects later in their course of study, such as the Senior Capstone project. Prerequisite: CST 110.

CST 216 “The Crestiad”: Staff         1-3 credi